Acceso al área de soci@s

Fantoche número 15

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INDICE

NO PUDO SER

Joaquín Hernández

LA CUEVA DE UN VISIONARIO: Títeres, compromiso público e Hispanidad en los Estados Unidos, entrevista a Jason Yancey

Esther Fernández

LA NUEVA NORMALIDAD

Ilustración, Santiago Ortega

LA MARIONETA DE HILOS EN ESPAÑA (1900-1975)

Adolfo Ayuso

LOS ELECTRODUENDES

Luis Fernando de Julián

LOS AUTÓMATAS DEL «PABELLÓN ARTÍSTICO» DE LA FAMILIA VALLE

Virgilio Tortosa

TRAS EL MOVIMIENTO Reportaje imperfecto sobre la obra escultórica de Bola Sánchez-Girón

Luis Fernando de Julián

Joaquín Hernández

¿Y DE VERDAD VOLÓ?

Maribel Carrasco

PRINCESS

Itziar Pascual

Luis Fernando de Julián

Ilustración, Chantal Franco

EDITORIAL

UNIMA España comienza la publicación de la revista Fantoche, en el año 2005, motivada por la necesidad de crear un medio escrito que trascendiera de la mera comunicación corporativa y que sirviera como soporte para la divulgación e investigación del arte titiritero hispano. Cubierta esta primera necesidad, se echaba en falta en la producción editorial de UNIMA España, la publicación de textos para espectáculos de títeres. Una tarea pendiente que ahora se inicia con la impresión de una obra de Francisco Nieva y otra de Maribel Carrasco, si bien algunos textos breves ya se han venido publicando en el seno de la propia revista Fantoche. No son muchos los dramaturgos españoles afamados que hayan escrito textos dramáticos para el teatro de títeres. Valle Inclán, Lorca, Alberti –también el propio Nieva- son algunos de los pocos autores de referencia que mencionan siempre los titiriteros cuando quieren ensalzar y reivindicar su oficio. Existe, por lo tanto, una notoria escasez de textos teatrales para títeres, quizá porque este tipo de escritura requiere un conocimiento previo de la poética titiritera. El maestro Gianni Rodari decía -con acierto- que los títeres no están hechos para grandes monólogos o extensos diálogos. Y además, no pocas veces, la propia técnica elegida a priori en la construcción de los títeres del espectáculo suele condicionar la escritura del texto (textos diferentes para distintas técnicas). Con la publicación de obras para títeres, UNIMA España pretende paliar tanta escasez intentando animar a los dramaturgos para que las escriban. Por fortuna, las obras ya escritas no son la única fuente de los espectáculos titiriteros, también se nutren de la adaptación de cuentos populares -principalmente- y de las obras de creación propia. Recurrir a estas dos últimas fuentes, requiere entonces que los titiriteros adquieran una mínima formación que profundice en los códigos de la escritura dramática más allá del consabido y elemental esquema de planteamiento, nudo y desenlace. En cualquier caso, el texto dramatúrgico es el punto de partida ineludible para la puesta en escena. El respeto debido a la integridad intelectual del texto, no significa que el autor lo haya concebido so- lamente para que sean declamados sus diálogos miméticamente. Al escribirlo, el dramaturgo también pretende que los responsables de la puesta en escena -también el público- sepan ver más allá del texto. El texto teatral es, básicamente, una sucesión de acciones y en algún caso, una obra se puede convertir en magistral no sólo por lo que dicen sus personajes sino mucho más por la propia atmosfera que se ha acertado a crear en el espectáculo. Es por eso que algunos estudiosos de la semiótica teatral, indican que se debe evitar sacralizar el texto y enuncian que la primera contradicción de la puesta en escena viene dada de la oposición entre el texto y la representación. A veces predomina abusivamente el primero sobre la segunda aunque es más común el supuesto contrario. Conseguir el justo equilibrio entre el texto y la práctica teatral de la puesta en escena es la panacea de todo buen espectáculo. Iniciamos entonces la publicación de textos para títeres en formato libro. Con la invención de la imprenta, la transmisión oral del saber y la cultura fue sustituida, en gran parte, por la comunicación escrita. Actualmente, con el desarrollo de nuevas tecnologías, se plantea la posibilidad de sustituir la escritura y la lectura del libro en papel por textos digitales ¿Por qué ha optado UNIMA España por la edición en papel de textos teatrales para títeres? Por igual razón que cuando de- cimos que no es lo mismo ir al cine que ver una película en un soporte electrónico. Porque aunque hayamos filmado el teatro para mostrarlo online por necesidades de supervivencia durante la pandemia, para disfrutar en plenitud de un espectáculo teatral hay que vivirlo en su medio natural. Y del mismo modo que nunca el cine acabó con el teatro, tampoco es previsible que lo digital acabe con el libro físico. No es sólo la mera lectura de un texto lo que produce placer, es también su soporte el que procura una experiencia más gratificante. No debemos privarnos de disfrutar del delicioso aroma que desprenden las librerías y bibliotecas.

Ramón del Valle Vela

Miembro del equipo de redacción

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