Acceso al área de soci@s

Fantoche Número 20

FOTO COMENTADA
Jesús Caballero

ENTREVISTA A JOSÉ SANCHIS SINISTERRA
Hitos Hurtado

SER TITIRITERO EN GAZA HOY EN DÍA
Raphaèle Fleury


LAS FIGURAS DE CERA DE LOTTE PRITZEL
Nani de Julián


TEATRO CORSARIO
Jesús Peña

PANORÁMICA DEL TEATRO DE FIGURAS EN LA EDAD MEDIA
Adolfo Ayuso


EL BETLEM DE TIRISITI (I)
Lidia Miró Ruz

EDITORIAL: Relevo y diálogo generacional. Paridad
José Sanchis Sinisterra, un clásico contemporáneo del teatro español
e hispanoamericano, ocupa un lugar destacado en este número de
Fantoche. En las páginas de esta revista se publica una entrevista con
el autor, y en la colección Libros para la Escena un texto inédito; «Celestina
vengada», en el que los personajes de Calisto y Melibea –en
esta obra secundarios– se representan con títeres. Aunque el término
«clásico» suele reservarse tradicionalmente para figuras históricas,
este veterano dramaturgo; autor, pedagogo y director de escena, se
ha convertido en un modelo vivo de referencia por haber alcanzado
su fecunda obra un nivel de reconocimiento, influencia y calidad perdurables.
Los artistas que contribuyen a reescribir la historia del arte
se convierten en clásicos.
José Ortega y Gasset definió la historia como una sucesión de generaciones.
Para él, el relevo generacional no viene dado sólo por el
transcurso del tiempo, sino por la alternancia de sensibilidades vitales
y formas de entender el mundo. Cada generación aporta «elementos
novedosos para construir la realidad». La nueva generación,
aunque acabe sustituyendo el paradigma artístico anterior, no reemplaza
sino que amplía el canon impulsando el cambio histórico. Los
nuevos creadores no vienen a destruir lo anterior, sino a incorporar
otras realidades, voces y técnicas novedosas que la generación anterior
no experimentó.
El arte es más potente cuando existe un diálogo generacional donde
los jóvenes, sin renegar de la herencia recibida, aportan la innovación
y los mayores el contexto. Se suele reservar el término «emergentes»
a los nuevos creadores, aunque a menudo se utiliza «emergencia»
sólo como etiqueta de marketing, como reclamo de renovación artística
constante, sin haberse producido un efectivo relevo generacional
y sin garantizar la estabilidad del artista que, a pesar de tener
una carrera activa, calidad e innovación técnica incuestionable, no
logra consolidarse profesionalmente permaneciendo en un estado
de precariedad y búsqueda continua de reconocimiento. La generación
veterana debe facilitar generosamente el relevo a los nuevos
creadores para que puedan consolidarse y dejen de ser los eternos
«emergentes».
En el Arte de los Títeres, el relevo generacional es vital para dar
continuidad a todo el acervo de técnicas y rutinas –apenas documentadas–
del oficio artesanal titiritero que se trasmiten oralmente
y de forma presencial en los talleres. Pero ese relevo generacional
–asegurado en las compañías familiares– por si solo
resulta insuficiente; para que los aprendizajes y saberes heredados
no desaparezcan, es imprescindible fomentar la investigación y la formación,
y perseguir un objetivo: que el Arte de los Títeres sea objeto
de enseñanza reglada, en las Escuelas Superiores de Arte Dramático.
La historia del arte, en general, se ha narrado mayoritariamente desde
una perspectiva masculina relegando la obra de muchas mujeres.
Para reescribir correctamente la historia se deben rescatar los
referentes femeninos invisibilizados. Vivimos un momento histórico
de mayor receptividad en igualdad de género, aprovechar el relevo
generacional para promover la paridad es un indicador de calidad
democrática de las instituciones. A esta finalidad obedecen los programas
que garantizan la presencia equilibrada de mujeres en la
creación artística y sus órganos de decisión.
En el universo titiritero en particular, debemos congratularnos; según
indica el estudio del TTVO (Teatro de Títeres Visual y de Objetos) de Titeredata,
promovido por UNIMA España, entre los profesionales que
se dedican a este sector teatral, el 55,1% son mujeres y el 44,9% son
hombres. Sin embargo, como también indica el propio estudio, esa
paridad no se ve reflejada en los centros de decisión y representación
que están conformados mayoritariamente por hombres, sólo el 6,7%
de este sector –los teatros y museos– están en manos de mujeres.
Actualmente, en UNIMA Federación España, la paridad en su Comité
de Gestión es absoluta: 50% de hombres y de mujeres. Trabajando
activamente en las comisiones de trabajo, el 43,5% son mujeres y el
56,5% son hombres. La comisión de igualdad, creada recientemente,
está dando los primeros pasos para detectar las deficiencias y definir
los objetivos que permitan a nuestra asociación seguir avanzando en
el ámbito de la igualdad de género.

Ramón del Valle Vela

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